The bed friction was found to have a smaller effect on the wave transmission coefficient than permeability has. The present paper focuses on a methodology for the optimal design of a rubble-mound breakwater using a probabilistic analysis. It was found that porosity can have a significant effect on the transmission coefficient, and that it can be adequately described by one of the wave models tested and by an empirical formula. Apart from the porosity, a second parameter was investigated, namely the friction along the breakwater perimeter. hydrodynamic loads and on the proposed construction method. In this paper a review of the transmission coefficient over submerged breakwaters is given, based on application of empirical formulas and numerical models to a case study. The design of the breakwater toe depends on the characteristics of the sea bottom, on the. However, an aspect not thoroughly investigated so far is the effect of the structure porosity on the above coefficient. The wave transmission coefficient associated with the latter has been studied extensively in the past. Floating breakwaters are most effective for wave damping when their width mathW/math is of order of half the wavelength mathL/math or larger. Large breakwaters are frequently built with used barges, ballasted to the desired draft with sand or rock. Among those structures, the submerged breakwater is becoming attractive for obvious reasons. Accurate design is necessarily based on the combination of numerical and physical models. The design project of a breakwater must include acceptable levels of hydraulic responses in terms of the failure modes: wave run-up, overtopping, wall forces and stability of the armor pieces (ROM. Our design processes and risk assessments are compliant with the Construction Design and Management Regulations (CDM2015).New forms of coastal structures are being investigated nowadays, catering also for the aesthetic value of the nearshore landscape. Expert witness services for arbitration and litigation.Advice on construction, maintenance and monitoring procedures.Probabilistic design results in curves showing the probability of exceedance of damage levels in the lifetime of the structure. The deterministic design procedure gives curves showing the influences of the various parameters. Outline designs, drawings and costing of schemes. Our services include: Problem definition and development of scheme options. Detailed designs, drawings, specifications and contract documents. It is shown how the formulas can be used in both deterministic and probabilistic design. As industry leaders, we use the latest design approaches and standards in the development of rubble mound, berm breakwater, reef breakwater techniques and in the use of concrete armour and caisson units. Consultations with local and national organisations. Van der Meer (1988) defined a 'porosity parameter P', that for the case of a homogeneous rubble mound breakwater corresponds to value of 0.6, and for the case of a rubble mound.Economic (or benefit-cost) assessments.
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